2015 Flue-Cured Tobacco Survey: Plant Disease Survey Data
go.ncsu.edu/readext?403807
en Español / em Português
El inglés es el idioma de control de esta página. En la medida en que haya algún conflicto entre la traducción al inglés y la traducción, el inglés prevalece.
Al hacer clic en el enlace de traducción se activa un servicio de traducción gratuito para convertir la página al español. Al igual que con cualquier traducción por Internet, la conversión no es sensible al contexto y puede que no traduzca el texto en su significado original. NC State Extension no garantiza la exactitud del texto traducido. Por favor, tenga en cuenta que algunas aplicaciones y/o servicios pueden no funcionar como se espera cuando se traducen.
Português
Inglês é o idioma de controle desta página. Na medida que haja algum conflito entre o texto original em Inglês e a tradução, o Inglês prevalece.
Ao clicar no link de tradução, um serviço gratuito de tradução será ativado para converter a página para o Português. Como em qualquer tradução pela internet, a conversão não é sensivel ao contexto e pode não ocorrer a tradução para o significado orginal. O serviço de Extensão da Carolina do Norte (NC State Extension) não garante a exatidão do texto traduzido. Por favor, observe que algumas funções ou serviços podem não funcionar como esperado após a tradução.
English
English is the controlling language of this page. To the extent there is any conflict between the English text and the translation, English controls.
Clicking on the translation link activates a free translation service to convert the page to Spanish. As with any Internet translation, the conversion is not context-sensitive and may not translate the text to its original meaning. NC State Extension does not guarantee the accuracy of the translated text. Please note that some applications and/or services may not function as expected when translated.
Collapse ▲In this post, we continue to provide results from our annual surveys of county agents about flue-cured tobacco production practices with a focus on disease management. For more information about how these surveys were conducted, see our post on survey methods and response. For information about the insect pest control portion of these surveys, see our post on entomology survey data.
Greenhouse Diseases
In general, any given greenhouse plant disease resulted in an average loss of less than 6%. Rhizoctionia, Pythium, and black root rot were the most common greenhouse diseases.
Table 1: Average percent loss due to disease in greenhouse.
| Disease | Average Percent Loss Due to Disease | ||
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | |
| Rhizoctonia Damping-Off or Stem Rot | 1.9 % | 5.6 % | 2.4 % |
| Pythium Root Rot | 1.0 % | 5.0 % | 3.7 % |
| Collar Rot (Sclerotinia) | 1.6 % | 2.7 % | 2.3 % |
| Target Spot | 0.2 % | 0.6 % | 0.9 % |
| Blue Mold | 0.0 % | 0.0 % | 0.0 % |
| Tobacco Mosaic Virus | 0.0 % | 0.1 % | 0.1 % |
| Bacterial Soft Rot | 0.2 % | 1.4 % | 0.3 % |
| Botrytis | 0.1 % | 0.1 % | 0.3 % |
| Black Root Rot | 0.0 % | 5.8 % | 0.9 % |
| Acres Responding to Question | 85,682 | 90,919 | 112,038 |
Greenhouse Pesticide Applications
Table 2: Fungicide and bactericide applications in the greenhouse.
| Fungicide/Bactericide | Acres Responding to Question | Average Percentage of Greenhouses Treated | Average Number of Applications | ||||||
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | |
| No Chemical Treatment | 85,682 | 87,119 | 103,122 | 10.5 % | 1.2 % | 3.3 % | – | – | – |
| Terramaster | 85,682 | 87,099 | 97,292 | 21.4 % | 28.0 % | 29.9 % | 0.8 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Dithane | 85,682 | 80,695 | 91,522 | 11.1 % | 4.6 % | 9.4 % | 0.9 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
| Mefenoxam (Ridomil Gold) | 85,682 | 87,099 | 94,022 | 13.8 % | 36.4 % | 30.4 % | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.8 |
| Streptomycin/Agromycin | 85,682 | 83,299 | 68,792 | 1.3 % | 7.1 % | 1.9 % | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.8 |
| Actigard | 85,682 | 80,695 | 64,892 | 0.9 % | 4.3 % | 3.2 % | – | – | – |
| Aliette | 85,682 | 80,695 | 61,397 | 0.0 % | 0.1 % | 0.0 % | – | – | – |
| Quadris | 85,682 | 83,299 | 87,792 | 5.8 % | 11.2 % | 8.3 % | – | – | – |
Tray Sanitation
Washing with water and fumigating was the most common form of tray sanitation practiced. In the past two years, there has been an increase in the use of steam sanitation.
Table 3: Tobacco float tray sanitizing practices.
| Tray Sanitizing Method | Acres Responding to Question | Average Percentage of Trays Cleaned by Method | ||||
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2014 | 2015 | |
| Wash with water, no fumigation | 85,682 | 73,284 | 91,800 | 3.5 % | 6.2 % | 6.7 % |
| Wash with bleach, no fumigation | 85,682 | 83,299 | 99,792 | 9.2 % | 11.0 % | 13.3 % |
| Wash with detergent, no fumigation | 85,682 | 73,284 | 92,292 | 1.7 % | 2.6 % | 8.9 % |
| Wash with water and fumigate | 85,682 | 72,584 | 95,570 | 47.5 % | 34.4 % | 31.2 % |
| Wash with bleach or detergent and fumigate | 85,682 | 83,299 | 93,892 | 19.2 % | 22.4 % | 12.5 % |
| Use disposable trays | 85,682 | 83,299 | 84,170 | 0.3 % | 0.7 % | 8.8 % |
| Steam | 85,682 | 87,099 | 105,292 | 9.3 % | 24.5 % | 24.4 % |
| None/other | 85,682 | 60,621 | 71,570 | 7.2 % | 0.4 % | 0.0 % |
Field Diseases
Black shank, Granville Wilt, Target Spot, and Tomato Spotted Wilt were the diseases that caused the most losses. For more information about field diseases, visit our disease management page.
Table 4: Losses from field diseases.
| Disease | Average Percentage of Value Lost | ||
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | |
| Angular Leafspot | 0.04 % | 0.11 % | 0.02 % |
| Bacterial Soft Rot | 0.01 % | 0.00 % | 0.10 % |
| Barn Rot | 0.23 % | 0.34 % | 0.61 % |
| Black Shank | 2.24 % | 5.76 % | 6.22 % |
| Blue Mold | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0.00 % |
| Botrytis | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0.00 % |
| Brown Spot | 0.00 % | 0.71 % | 0.14 % |
| Etch | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0.00 % |
| Fusarium Wilt | 0.21 % | 0.16 % | 0.04 % |
| Granville Wilt | 1.51 % | 4.04 % | 5.42 % |
| Hollow Stalk | 0.31 % | 0.25 % | 0.37 % |
| Misc. Root Disease | 0.00 % | 0.06 % | 0.00 % |
| Miscellaneous Leaf | 0.02 % | 0.26 % | 0.00 % |
| Mosaic | 0.37 % | 0.24 % | 0.11 % |
| Other Nematodes | 0.00 % | 0.18 % | 0.00 % |
| Pythium Root/Stalk Rot | 0.12 % | 0.15 % | 0.68 % |
| Ringspot | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0.00 % |
| Root-Knot Nematodes | 0.27 % | 0.73 % | 1.70 % |
| Target Spot | 6.95 % | 2.77 % | 0.97 % |
| Tomato Spotted Wilt | 2.58 % | 1.79 % | 0.59 % |
| Vein-Banding (PVY) | 0.00 % | 0.00 % | 0.02 % |
| Weather Fleck | 0.22 % | 0.08 % | 0.28 % |
| Acres Responding | 85,682 | 88,719 | 64,692 |
Field Pesticide Applications
Table 5: Soil fungicide applications.
| Fungicide | Number of Acres Responding to Question | Average Percentage of Acres Treated | ||||
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | |
| None | 85,682 | 85,069 | 64,692 | 7.2 % | 14.3 % | 17.6 % |
| Mefenoxam alone (Ridomil Gold or Ultra Flourish)** | 85,682 | 72,406 | 64,692 | 19.6 % | 27.2 % | 24.5 % |
| Telone C-17 | 85,682 | 81,077 | 57,562 | 11.5 % | 29.7 % | 24.9 % |
| Telone C-17 + Mefenoxam | 85,682 | 61,789 | 46,919 | 15.0 % | 13.8 % | 12.4 % |
| Chlor-O-Pic 100 | 85,682 | 85,069 | 62,280 | 19.1 % | 23.4 % | 24.1 % |
| Chlor-O-Pic 100 + Mefenoxam | 85,682 | 65,781 | 54,049 | 13.6 % | 10.5 % | 17.9 % |
| Telone II | 85,682 | 54,662 | 54,049 | 7.4 % | 1.7 % | 1.5 % |
| Telone II + Mefenoxam | 85,682 | 55,789 | 44,317 | 2.5 % | 2.3 % | 1.0 % |
| Temik (15+lbs Alone with other insecticides) | 85,682 | 45,774 | 44,317 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Temik (15+ lbs + Mefenoxam) | 85,682 | 45,774 | 44,317 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Presidio* | – | – | 62,280 | – | – | 21.0 % |
| Presidio* + Mefenoxam | – | – | 60,549 | – | – | 11.4 % |
|
*Note: Presidio was not available for use in tobacco until 2015. **Average number of applications per season: 0.67, 1.1, and 1.4 in 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively. |
||||||
Table 6: Foliar fungicide applications.
| Fungicide | Acres Responding to Question | Average Percentage of Acres Treated | Average Number of Applications | ||||||
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | |
| Acrobat 50WP | 85,682 | 62,462 | 62,462 | 3.3 % | 0.5 % | 0.7 % | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Actigard | 85,682 | 61,562 | 61,562 | 5.9 % | 6.5 % | 0.5 % | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Dithane DF | 85,682 | 61,162 | 61,162 | 0.0 % | 4.1 % | 0.2 % | 0 | 0.3 | 0 |
| Forum | 85,682 | 53,574 | 53,574 | 0.0 % | 0.2 % | 0.2 % | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Aliette | 85,682 | 53,574 | 53,574 | 0.0 % | 0.2 % | 0.2 % | 0 | 0.1 | 0 |
| Quadris | 85,682 | 85,069 | 85,069 | 55.1 % | 60.4 % | 46.5 % | 1.2 | 1.6 | 1 |