2015 Flue-Cured Tobacco Survey: Entomology Survey Data
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Collapse ▲As part of our annual flue-cured tobacco production surveys, we asked county extension agents questions about current insect pest-control practices in flue-cured tobacco. For more information about how these surveys were conducted, see our post on survey methods and response.
Greenhouse Pest Control
In our 2013 survey, 24.8% of the 85,682 responding acres reported treating greenhouse pests with insecticides other than Admire, Platinum, or generic imidacloprid (neonicotinoids). In both the 2014 and 2015 greenhouse study, acephate (Orthene) was the most common non-neonicotinoid applied to treat pests in greenhouses with an estimated 50% of 80,695 reporting acres treating with it in 2014 and estimated 26% of 105,292 reporting acres treating with it in 2015.
Soil-Applied Insecticides
Over 70% of reporting acreage was transplanted with plants treated with soil-applied neonicotinoids in the greenhouse. For more information about using soil-applied insecticides, see the North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual.
Table 1: Percentages of transplants treated with neonicotinoids in the greenhouse.
| Insecticide | Acres responding to question | Percentage of acreage planted with treated plants | ||||
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Admire and generic imidacloprid | 85,682 | 85,069 | 64,692 | 75.1 % | 69.7 % | 65.0 % |
| Platinum (thiamethoxam) | 85,682 | 55,789 | 56,461 | 5.8 % | 6.0 % | 9.6 % |
Less than 20% of reporting acres applied other soil-applied insecticides in the field either before or at transplant.
Table 2: Field soil-applied insecticide applications, 2013.
| Soil-Applied Insecticide | Application method | Percentage of acreage with insecticide applied* |
| Capture and other bifenthrins | Pre-transplant | 7.9 % |
| Lorsban | Pre-transplant | 17.1 % |
| Admire | In transplant water | 10.3 % |
| Brigadier | In transplant water | 1.0 % |
| Coragen | In transplant water | 9.8 % |
| Generic imidacloprid | In transplant water | 7.7 % |
| Orthene | In transplant water | 10.9 % |
| Platinum | In transplant water | 0.3 % |
| *185,682 acres reporting | ||
Foliar Pests and Insecticide Applications
Caterpillars were the pests most consistently treated with foliar insecticides. Pre-topping, between 53% and 75% of reporting acres were treated for tobacco budworms (Heliothis virescens), and post-topping around 60% of reporting acres were treated for tomato and tobacco hornworms (Manduca spp.) For more information on pest insects, see our insect IPM page.
Table 3. Percentage of acreage treated for common pre-topping pests.
| Pre-Topping Pest | Total Acres Responding to Question | Percentage of Acres Treated for Pest | ||||
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aphids | 85,682 | 78,035 | 48,460 | 7.78 % | 23.57 % | 8.62 % |
| Flea Beetles | 85,682 | 74,669 | 40,942 | 8.09 % | 5.88 % | 5.36 % |
| Tobacco Budworms | 85,682 | 85,069 | 64,692 | 53.50 % | 72.77 % | 75.99 % |
| Tobacco/Tomato Hornworms | 85,682 | 81,269 | 54,960 | 29.48 % | 26.32 % | 40.11 % |
| Suckfly | 85,682 | 55,789 | 31,400 | 0.00 % | 0.06 % | 0.00 % |
| Japanese Beetles | 85,682 | 55,789 | 31,400 | 0.00 % | 0.06 % | 0.41 % |
| Other (Stink Bugs, Grasshoppers, etc.) | 85,682 | 60,589 | 31,400 | 0.26 % | 0.62 % | 1.74 % |
Table 4. Percentage of acreage treated for common post-topping pests.
| Post-Topping Pest | Total Acres Responding to Question | Percentage of Acres Treated for Pest | ||||
| 2013 | 2014</p | 2015 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aphids | 85,682 | 66,910 | 45,030 | 3.9 % | 5.9 % | 6.7 % |
| Flea Beetles | 85,682 | 62,787 | 59,836 | 10.7 % | 10.6 % | 15.6 % |
| Tobacco Budworms | 85,682 | 74,098 | 40,942 | 1.3 % | 13.8 % | 2.0 % |
| Tobacco/Tomato Hornworms | 85,682 | 76,403 | 64,692 | 60.3 % | 59.2 % | 65.0 % |
| Suckfly | 85,682 | 53,494 | 31,400 | 0.0 % | 0.0 % | 0.0 % |
| Japanese Beetles | 85,682 | 53,593 | 31,699 | 0.0 % | 0.0 % | 5.0 % |
| Other (Stink Bugs, Grasshoppers, etc.) | 85,682 | 58,096 | 31,699 | 0.2 % | 0.7 % | 1.0 % |
Orthene, Belt, and Coragen were the most commonly applied insecticides. For more information about using foliar insecticides, see the North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual.
Table 5: Foliar insecticide applications.
|
Pesticide |
Total Acres Responding to Question | Percentage of Acres Treated | Average number of applications per season | ||||||
| 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actara | 85,682 | 57,989 | 44,317 | 0.0% | 1.4% | 1.0% | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
| Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) | 85,682 | 71,889 | 64,692 | 11.6% | 11.8% | 19.9% | 0.9 | 1.0 | 1.8 |
| Belt | 85,682 | 81,569 | 64,692 | 31.5% | 43.9% | 45.5% | 0.9 | 1.4 | 1.3 |
| Bifenthrin | 85,682 | 65,289 | 33,131 | 14.2% | 6.8% | 10.0% | 0.3 | 1.0 | 1.3 |
| Blackhawk | 85,682 | 64,581 | 49,363 | 4.5% | 16.7% | 13.8% | 0.3 | 1.1 | 1.1 |
| Brigadier | 85,682 | 46,626 | 17,807 | 4.3 % | 0.3 % | 1.2 % | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.8 |
| Coragen | 85,682 | 85,069 | 64,692 | 18.2% | 26.2% | 33.0% | 1.0 | 1.2 | 1.3 |
| Denim | 85,682 | 43,126 | 44,317 | 0.5% | 0.1% | 1.7% | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
| Fulfill | 85,682 | 43,126 | 31,400 | 0.1% | 0.1% | 0.2% | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
| Lannate | 85,682 | 66,877 | 37,187 | 1.9% | 4.7% | 1.5% | 0.3 | 0.8 | 0.4 |
| Orthene | 85,682 | 85,069 | 64,692 | 40.0% | 48.7% | 50.8% | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.5 |
| Pyganic | 85,682 | 65,781 | 33,131 | 0.0% | 0.8% | 1.3% | 0.0 | 0.9 | 1.4 |
| Sevin | 85,682 | 45,326 | 31,400 | 0.0% | 1.5% | 0.0% | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.0 |
| Tracer | 85,682 | 58,514 | 37,187 | 11.1% | 3.2% | 1.3% | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
| Warrior | 85,682 | 52,626 | 46,919 | 5.0% | 3.8% | 4.7% | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.9 |
| Other | 85,682 | 43,126 | 30,355 | 5.8% | 1.5% | 3.9% | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.5 |
Integrated Pest Management Practices
The number of acres where a formal scouting program, either by growers scouting or professional scouts/crop consultants, was used to make management decisions increased from around 33% in 2013 to around 60% in 2015.
| Year | Acres responding to question | Percentage of acreage where formal scouting and thresholds used | Percentage of acreage where contract IPM services were used |
| 2013 | 85,682 | 19.7% | 13.0% |
| 2014 | 82,469 | 32.1% | 16.0% |
| 2015 | 64,692 | 32.9% | 27.0% |